Etymology

We have spoken so much about etymology and symbolism in this book that we thought it would be a good idea to go through some of the amazing coincidences there are in language that relate to the story of the Shining Ones that had to be left out of the main text.
Most of the research has been carried out through hundreds of books, colleagues and specialists who were consulted over the years – but much of what has been stated in this book can easily be verified with a handful of dictionaries, many of which are noted in the Bibliography at the end. We shall put alternative words or phrases in brackets in order for the reader to be able to grasp the intricate web that language weaves.
A
Axis
The Spear (also Spear of Destiny) or Rod are seen as the Axis and represent Iho (see Twins). The Rod of Jesse is seen as the axis and is the Light of life. The rod often comes up between the letter M in watermarks and in this instance becomes the rising light of the sun and is symbolised as a Fleur de Lys. It is also symbolic of the union between the male (axis) and the female M – this is seen in the cross of Christ between the M of Mary – which has to be the Magdalene. Mary has been symbolised as a ship (see the symbol of Paris which derives from Mary). Ship in Latin is ovis (navis – navigate) or ophis/avis, which both go back to the serpent. In Greek even the word hippos, which means horse, was used for ship and in Chaldea it was hipha. The ship in astronomy is Canopus meaning the great snake. In Persia ship was sumbuk linked to the serpent Sabak. Sumak is smack and in Anglo Saxon it was snace (snake.) The Greek for ship was nao or naus as in nous the inner mind or soul. Chap is also a variant of ship and gives us chapel (chap el – ship or vessel of the shining one). It seems that ship or boat was seen symbolically as the vessel (which means living light) of the mind or the shining mind and was therefore linked in language to the enlightened wisdom of the serpent.
The Rod as mentioned above is also Rood (Holy Rood) and is seen as a cross or measure of land. Linked to growth through Sanskrit Rudh and Ru the gateway.
C
Caduceus
The duce segment means leading light and Ca means the great A and so it means the leading light of the great god.
Chakra
The chakra are the points of energy in the Kundalini experience and the word resolves into eternal and great Ra. Ra means the fire of A (the one god or sun.)
Christ, Cross
The same roots that give us Christ, Krishna or Cross also give us crystal and crest and mean Great Fire. In every nation it represent regeneration and resurrection.
G
Gog Magog
Although these are the mythical tribes from the Bible and Kuran they are also known in Cornish tradition as the Mighty of Mighties. They must be related to the fabled god and kind Og of ancient Britain and Israel, meaning long neck, hence giant. The Egyptians were said to worship the great 8 original gods as the Ogdoad – therefore Og is the basis for oct (8). This king Og or King of the Og’s dwelt at Ashtaroth and strangely in Sanskrit we find that the word for 8 is ashtau (ash tau). This is then related to the Asherah poles seen in the Temple of Jerusalem from the serpentine related goddess Asherah. The World Tree of the Scandinavians was called Yggdrassil and is the world ash.
The Druids worshipped Ogmius who has been equated with the Logos (see Hu). Ogmius was seen as an old man being followed by a multitude fastened by the golden chain.
H
Horns
Horns represent light or shining and are seen sometimes as fire coming from the head or even as the enlightened Unicorn. The asp was seen as sacred and horned and its other name was cerastes. The ceras is equivalent or rooted in cross and in Greek we discover that karas means horn – so cross, shining and horn are all related. Karas tes (cerastes) means shining light, so the asp of Cleopatra was a shining light.
The letters Y and F are thought to originate in the hieroglyph for horns or shining. The V and U have lost there upright and two V’s form the W or four horns.
Hu
The Hu of the Welsh chronicles tell how the first of the three chieftains was Hu the Mighty and that he came with the original settlers – this Hu or Mighty Shining must be therefore one of the original Shining Ones.
Hu is related to llew the Welsh word meaning light and lion and as H is related to twins and the Egyptians had the twin lions we have to wonder whether there is a play in language symbolism here. This is related to that Shining god Lugh of the Irish – the sun god as is Lug, which is from the Gaul sun god (Druids and Celts) and is therefore related to Logos the word. Lug’s face shone like the sun and nobody was able to gaze upon it. He possessed a magic spear and was master of the arts. He also had a chain which some have claimed may be akin to the Masonic Cable Tow or Tassle. Tassle or cord in German is quaste and means the shining light. The same is true of the Italian frangia – and both are related to Hu.
The idea of Lug’s Chain is seen in the folktale of Jack or Old Jack and the Beanstalk (where bean actually means good – bona, bon), where one must climb the stalk to obtain the treasure – this is also equitable with Jacob’s Ladder or Rod of Jesse.
It was said that Lug actually ended the rule of the giants (the age old fallen Shining Ones or Watchers) by blinding their leader with a sling stone – just as David conquered the giant of the Old Testament. Slogan derives from the cry of Lug – is el og an or the light of the great shining one and we also find that Slug means light of Lug. (See Pyramid) In Islam the lubb are the only ones capable of worshipping Allah with deep knowledge and attaining the ma’rifa (see Islam).
The Indian word yuana (Iguana) means lizard and is related to Hu. In Africa the land of the Buck Lizard was known as Bech-huana (Hu shining, ana Mother). Lizard in Italian is lucerta and means Shining Light. The lizard was sometimes a symbol of Mercury or Marecury as the great mind and was also equated with Mistletoe.
In Assyria Ilu was the one great god whereas in Egypt Akhu (ak hu) was the mind, soul and spirit and means shining. In Arabic the akhira is what is said to be on the other side of death or the realm of the unseen.
The Celtic for hew also meant mind and is related to Hu. In India Dyhu was the bright or shining one, which became Taou (Tau) in China. The ancient name for Mexico was AnaHUac and there the word for sacred place was huac. Hu can also be seen in the medieval term for Jesus – JesHU, and as we already know Jesus is related in many ways to Horus whom Dr Churchward claimed was also another name for Hu. This same Jeshu was represented as a Marigold (Mary’s Gold), the golden flower. In the Romance of Symbolism by Homilies Blickling this golden flower is brought into existence by “The queen of all the maidens” who “came into this world and received a human body from St Mary, the spotless virgin.”
The word Wig, is thought to derive from Huig the Father of all and symbolised by the Halo wig.
Hu is also related to Ewe and in English this was arewe or the light of Ewe (Hu the shining one). The arrow was therefore the light of the shining one. In Sanskrit arrow is ishu, which means the light of Hu again. In Greek it is Ios or the light of the one.
Hu seems to be related to Horse. In Sanskrit harit means horse, but also bright and shining. Horses were reared by Druids in Europe (as Tacitus tells us), especially white ones (therefore bright and pure) and that they believed them capable of knowning the plans of the heavens. The Magi of Persia practiced the same thing. The moon term Mare is used for female horse indicating a link, as the white cut horses of southern England attest to some kind of special moon-lit effect. Mare may also be split and resolve into Ma Re – the Mother of Ra. In Saxon Mare was Mere and meant pure, true and also lake.
Related to Hu is Zu, which is Babylonian for horse and in Gypsy means mind.
Even the Greek term for horse, ikkos, means great light or hippa (Phoenician hip mean father or mother of all). The Goddess Hippa was seen only as a horses head and was the nurse of Bacchus. We also have Epos, which means the eye of light, which in German is pferd or opferd – the eye of the fire or shining.
Amazingly we also find that the terms for horse are also related to those of the snake or serpent (the symbol of the enlightenment). In Spanish hacka is horse and relates to hack, snakka and naga – the term in India for snake.
The mane of a horse is related to moon and wisdom and therefore also is the beard of man – where barbes (French) were shining lights.
I
Islam
Baraka is an Islamic or Arabic blessing, but also a form of energy said to be subtle and flow through everything, in some places more than others, but more especially through humans. Ba Ra Ka split up gives us the two terms for soul and spirt in Egyptian (Ba and Ka) and Ra being the solar divinity or sun. Baraka is indeed said to be light and is intimately connected to Ruh (Ru). Ruh in Islamic circles is the spirit that is formed from pure light or the light of the Shining One Allah and gives its name to the Roshanyia the illuminated ones. Ru in other forms is the gateway. The barzakh (akh is shining and therefore this is the shining realm of the soul) in Arabic is the space or inter-space between two realities, which unites the two spaces or links them. These two spaces are called the dunya and akhira (see Akhira). Dunya is the world as we see it outwardly and inwardly. It has even been compared to a bunch of grapes (like Christ being the vine), which appears in reach, but when you want one they are gone. The kingdom of power in Islam is known as Jabarut and is called the kingdom of lights or realm of lights. They say that there are these three kingdoms equated to waking, sleeping and the inter-space and that Allah (Al = El and is shining one) rules them all. They say by balance that a “metagalatic existence comes into being.”
In Mecca the Ka’ba resides where millions of Muslims from around the world come to circumnavigate the temple. It is claimed to have fallen from heaven. The Ka and Ba are Egyptian Soul and Spirit.
Mala’ika are the same as the Watchers. They are angels of pure light. They are neither male nor female and are thus perfectly balanced and at the central creative centre.
Ma’rifa is the state of Gnosis (sacred knowledge) attained by the lubb. The possessor of Ma’rifa has true knowledge of the self and the universe called by them the Adamic identity.
Light in Arabic is Nur and is the light of the heavens.
L
Leda.
Leda was the maiden of Zeus (see Zeus) who gave birth to Castor and Pollux. She, like her twin sons, was seen with a gold star upon her brow (a symbol of Shining enlightenment). Leda is the origin of Cinderella from folklore, who also has twins (a boy and girl), the girl is born with a star on her forehead.
M
Moon
The crescent moon was a symbol of many gods. One of them was Sin – the god of light. The letter C comes from the crescent moon and phonetic Sea or See are derived from the moon, which has an effect upon both seeing and the tides.
Soma the Hindu god is also the moon although there is evidence that he was originally a goddess. Soma is the food of the gods. It can be related to Manna, the food of the Bible, described as pearl like by Rabbis – and hence moon like. Also relating it to Mistletoe or Missledew the small round berries held in high esteem by the Druids. So Ma resolves into Light or Fire of the Mother or Moon.
The name Mary, the sea (mare), lunacy and maniac are all related to the moon.
Music
Often music is seen as a gateway to the gods. The Druids had harps which had three arms and three strings – 3x3 = 9 – and this was seen as the holy of holies. The soul was believed to remain with the body until music was played, and then it could ascend.
O
Odin
Odin is also Wotan, linked to Votan of Mesoamerica and also etymologically to Aten the solar god of Egypt and Akhen-aten. Also known as Woden it is linked to the Anglo Saxon witen meaning to know and Vo Tan meaning bringer of fire. Some say that Edinburgh is Odin’s Burgh, which is linked with Lion’s Rock or Arthur’s Seat and so Odin, Aten and Arthur are Lions like Osiris is the Lord of the Lions. This Arthur’s Seat and Arthur’s Chair in Wales are double peaks – twins (see Twin.) Of course, Arthur’s land was known as Lyonesse (female Lion.) Uther, Arthur’s father is related to Ether or Aither which is Zeus (see Twins.)
There is a white horse (said to be ridden by Odin, see Hu) on Waden Hill.
Odin was sacrificed on the world Tree Yggdrasil. In Hebrew the word for oak is el (shining) or Allah (El Ah, shining one).
P
Pyramid
In Cornish the word for tower is Lug and tower is related to the tor meaning conical hill (in China torri is sacred gateway) – hence they will light the way, the same way as the Minarets of Islam, which are the same as the Arabian Manaret, which means lighthouse or lamp and the Hebrew Manorah for candlestick. These towers were therefore places of light. And it must be supposed that the light of these towers was fire and therefore shining, as in the Beltain Festival where the tan or tein means to shine. The Pyramid is also related to this fire aspect as pyre means funeral fire and according to some scholars the pyramid was a symbol of primal fire. Indeed Shiva was sometimes symbolised as a pyramid and he was a god of fire as well as serpentine. Plutarch said, “the element of fire is the pyramid.” Jove was the same as Zeus and Jehovah or Jahve means the eternal fire or shining. These are actual places too, as at Siloah, which means house of god and Shiloh is the term for expectant Messiah. Pyr is related to fir and the fir tree is a pyramid shape. Our word forest (fir rest) comes from the same root and Conifers is con i firs meaning shining fir(e).
Indeed, we even now know that in South America and Mesoamerica there were sacrificial fires burning at the top of each pyramid – where there were also sometimes Twin (see Twin) pillars – the fire gateway or portal. The Aztecs called them teopan, which means the One Shining Eye. Barrows in Europe also had fires burned upon them.
Even the Chaldeans called these “mountain peaks” ziggurats, which in fact means Great Fire of Great Shining.
As the eye is seen as fire, light or shining in terms of language, there is now no wonder that the Masons and others depict the Great All Seeing Eye at the pinnacle of the pyramid – as can be clearly seen on the dollar bill. Indeed, the pole star upon the pivot of the universe was considered to be an eye by the Egyptians – in fact even the Chinese have a mountain called Heaven’s Eye Mountain. The word apex works out into ap ek se witch is mighty or great fiery or shining eye.
No wonder that the Lord/s of the Bible – the Elohim (Shining Ones) said to make mounds to represent him/them. “Oh Lord, though art my rock.”
In Italy, Watchtowers (towers of the Watchers?) were called martellos sounding like the infamous family name Martel.
R
Rose
The rose, before Christianity, was identified with Sophia (wisdom, light of the serpent – see Serpent). The Persian word for the rose is gul as in gilgul. The maiden of the Rose was classed as the awakener and for this reason we have rouse from sleep – the flower of the maiden appearing on the forehead – like the serpent Uraeus. The Rose is equated with solar fire, which is the same as the serpent and shining. In the legend of Cinderella she exclaims to Mary (who is also equated with the Rose) that she was named the Rose and the Star – as they were linked. The Norse tales of the Briar Rose speak of her in a deep sleep awaiting the kiss of a pure knight to rouse her.
King Solomon’s bride (and sister) is called the Rose of Sharon. She was also the keeper of the vineyards (as Jesus is the vine). The Greek for grape is Rax (like Rex means king). The raisin is like reason and means the only Rose or single Rose.
Ros, in Celtic means dew (Hu) or hill (Huill) and as hros it is horse.
S
Serpent
The Greek for serpent is Ophis, which becomes gives us the term Sophia for wisdom and means shining serpent or light of the serpent. Orme also means serpent or serpents head and relates to wurm, worm and wyvern. In Hebrew the word orm is wisdom. In Afghanistan the word for serpent is kirm, which means great serpent.
In Hebrew the word for snake is nachash meaning one great light or mighty shining. In India it is naga meaning mighty one or great sun. The Greeks also call the snake echis, which sounds like nacash of the Hebrews who also have another word seraph for serpent (hence seraphim – the shining angels.) Naaseni also means serpent and one light and must give us the Biblical Nazereth – hence a new reason for Jesus to be from the said place. The rocks of Stonehenge were said to have been brought there from Naase by Merlin (Mare = sea, water, lake, moon, lin = snake). These words are linked to nazar, meaning to guard a secret - no wonder that serpents are the guardians of the great secrets or treasures the world over.
In English we have Eel (Hu el), which must come from the Sumerian El for shining and Hu the one god. In Sanskrit Eel is ahi or snake. Even Viper comes from vipere, which means the fire of life.
Kraken, the Greek sea serpent means the great fire of the one. Dragon reverts back into dur ag on meaning eternal and mighty one.
Snake in Anglo Saxon is snaca. Iceland it is snakr or snokr. In Danish it is snog and Swedish snok. It is allied to sneak, which really means to hanker after (snikk-inn) or snaigh, which means to creep.
Stone Circle
In the Bible the term used is gilgal and literally means circle of stones, However breaking it down into its constituent parts we have ag il ag al the Great or Mighty God. Even now in Brittany the term galgal is still used for many kinds of monuments.
Sufi
The Arabic root is safi or saf (sawuf) which means pure – they were therefore the pure ones like the later Cathars. These same roots are linked to saviour and sophos or wisdom. The Sufi prefer people to think that the word is derived from wool (suf). They claim to take the “ancient way” as opposed to learning from books. What this ancient way is has never been revealed in normal language. Instead they say the way is universal and is reducing the marks of selfhood to allow a clear view of the cosmic reality – he has rolled up the cosmos and obliterated it. They are to understand the end via the beginning, accepting that the beginning is in the end and vice versa – a unified view – the outward opposites being the same in an instant they call light on light or shining. The meditative aspects are shown by the fact that the Sufi says Allah until he understands.
T
Temple
Temple comes from temenos and is also similar to tommen, which is the Welsh term for barrow, and means stone temple of time. Tom is the root of both time and temple. The time keeper was the god Chronus, Kronos or Cronus and is the same as Saturn, the same god who is said to have reigned in the Golden Age. In Egypt Chronus was Keb – the great or mighty orb – and this is the root word of kebla, which means stone circle.
In Greece the Temple of Delphi was originally called Pytho – hence pythoness the serpentine priestess who used snakes for prophecy. Pytho is related to the Egyptian Pitham – the city of sanctuary and means Father of time.
In Latin septum means stone circle and is is ep tum, the light of the orb or eye. In each case the orb has to be the sun and therefore the eye is also the sun, and so the eye seen above the pyramid (see Pyramid) must also be the sun. Chronus is also the same as Karnos (Cernunnos) the horned god and Karnu, the Assyrian version of the Hebrew word Keren, which means horn and hence relates horn to corn. This relates the words time, temple and horn or shining to stone circles and in Carnac in France, a large stone monument we have similar etymology. It also now relates to Cairn or Carn the terms used for supposed Neolithic burial sites.
The words also relate to Chorus (to do things at the same time) and to chorale/carole means to go in a circle. As Frazer points out in the Golden Bough, “the king who embodied the Sun-god seems to have solemnly walked round the walls of a temple for the sake of helping the sun on his way.” Carole was the name taken by the Troubadours of the Languedoc region who so famously protected or sang about the religion of the Cathars, who were themselves accused of worshipping the Agathadaemon – the good serpent of the early Christian Gnostics – Naaseni or Ophites (Cinderella was also known as the Agata). The term also relates to couer/cheour – the French for heart, as in Richard Couer de Lyon (Richard the Lionheart.) In Greek choiras means simply rock. These Troubadours were also known as fools or jesters, which is an occult blind, ensuring that those in the know would understand these people to be wise. Fool in French is fou and feu is fire and in English we have Oaf, which is the same as ouphe, which in Scandinavia is elf or shining one. The meanings have changed over time as Christianity deemed those ancient ways that are hidden in the words, as madness or indeed even evil.
Twins.
When Zeus (Aether) loved the maiden called Leda (see Leda) she gave birth to twin sons Castor and Pollux. Each had a star upon his brow (a symbol of enlightenment and godhead). They were known as the Dioscuri and are seen upon white horses. Cinderella also has twins, one of which is born with a star on her forehead.
In Egypt the two Lions of the sun and moon were twins guarding today and tomorrow. Osiris the Lord of the Double Twins (lord of resurrection).
The twins are often symbolised as double peaked mountains or hills and on crowns or even the letter M. The M with the cross emerging is Christ emerging from Mary (between her raised birth giving legs?) This letter M in the Dorian alphabet was called san which means Light of the One or Shining and gives us Sanctus, Saint and Sanguine. So the Shining light emerges from the twin peaks – the sun rising between the mountain peaks – and we see this in Egypt where it is believed that this was actually part and parcel of their planning campaigns – with cities being built in line with this rising.
The M or twin peaks comes from two A’s – AA which was the name of the Chaldean god of life where Ayus in Sanskrit actually means life (also Ao (Tao), Aos, Ak, Oa, Iao, Io (identified as Isis by some and by the Mayans as all that which lives), Iow (worshipped by the Druids)).These terms (Io etc) give rise to Dew, Dyuas, Deo, Dei, Zeus and Devas – all from the same roots. It is believed that I and O were the male and female glyphs.
The Greeks called these twins, anakes (snakes?), which paradoxically means the one great light.
The Hindus termed them Vritahana who destroyed the darkness (due to their great shining) and were symbolised by two V’s (making a W).
Across the ancient world the twin pillars become important and have names. They are classed as the Portals, Gateway or Door to Heaven or the Stars. They have come through into Masonic lore and can be see physically in hundreds of churches and cathedrals. They are said to form the letter H when joined and hence the universal deity Hu which gives us Shining and becomes part of the Dyaus Pitar or Shining Father. (see Hu)
Twins are seen often going up the Axis, as serpents, where they become the caduceus and symbolise many things – especially opposites in energy.
Bibliography
Books used in the research for the above etymology although some information was taken from books used for the main text, which can be seen in the main Bibliography:-
Bayley, Harold, The Lost Language of Symbolism Volume II, Williams & Norgate 1912.
Bulfinch, Age of Fable.
Carr-Gorman, Dictionary of Symbols in Art, Duncan Baird Publishers.
Churton, Tobias, The Golden Builders, Signal Publishing.
Cooper, J.C., An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols, Thames and Hudson.
Craigie, W. A., Religion of Ancient Scandinavia.
Daraul, Arkon, Secret Socities, MJF Books.
Fossey, Charles, Dictionnaire Sumerien.
Foubister, Linda, Goddess in the Grass.
Goring, Rosemary, Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions, Wordsworth.
Idris Shah al Hashimi, The Sufis.
Jenner, Christian Symbolism.
Jones, Alison, Dictionary of World Folklore, Larousse.
Le Plongeon, Sacred Mysteries.
Liddel and Scott, Greek – English Lexicon, Oxford.
Marcus, David, A Manual of Akkadian.
Roberts, W., Printers Marks.
Skeat, Walter, The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology, Wordsworth.
Taylor, The Alphabet.
Thomson, Ahmad, Dajjal the AntiChrist, Ta-Ha Publishing.
Wilkins, W.J., Hindoo Mythology.